What types of items do archaeologists use to learn about ancient societies?

Archaeologists primarily use artifacts to learn about ancient societies because these objects are tangible remnants of past human activity. Artifacts include tools, pottery, jewelry, and other items that people used or created in their daily lives, which can provide significant insights into their culture, technology, economic practices, and social structures.

Artifacts can reveal information about trade practices, mating rituals, religious beliefs, and daily life, helping to construct a more comprehensive view of a civilization's values and behaviors. They serve as physical evidence that allows researchers to draw conclusions about the social dynamics and adaptations of the people in ancient times.

While fossils, structures, and documents can also provide valuable information (with fossils mainly relating to biological history, structures indicating architectural developments, and documents preserving written history), artifacts are crucial for understanding the everyday experiences of individuals within ancient communities. They bridge the gap between the past and present by providing a direct link to the actions and lifestyles of those who lived long ago.