Which professional is known for studying prehistoric people and their culture?

The role of an archaeologist is foundational in the study of prehistoric people and their cultures. Archaeologists focus on uncovering and interpreting material remains left behind by past societies, such as tools, pottery, structures, and other artifacts. Through excavation and careful analysis, they help reconstruct how these prehistoric societies lived, interacted, and evolved over time.

While historians typically analyze written records and documents to understand the past, their focus is primarily on periods with documented history. In contrast, geologists study the Earth's physical composition and processes, which is not directly related to human cultures. Anthropologists, while they do study humans and their cultures, can encompass a broader field that includes contemporary societies and behaviors. Archaeology is specifically focused on the material culture of past civilizations, which is why it is the correct answer in this context.